Indian experience of multiple stock exchanges - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1319 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? In India, we have had over a decade of experience with multiple stock exchanges and line operators arbitraging between these markets. This has been a fairly well accepted idea. The number of investors opting for  on-line  trading has gone up manifold, according to the recently published ‘Indias Leading Equity Broking Houses, 2008? by Dun Bradstreet (DB). The publication says that less than 10% of the 191 broking firms surveyed reported huge growth in opening of e-broking accounts and some firms saw a surge in value of up to 400% in e-broking during 2009. According to the report, number of e-broking accounts registered in 2009 have grown exponentionally. Indiabulls Securities Ltd added 4,51,611 accounts while a relatively new firm in the industry, Reliance Money added 2,15,678 accounts during the same time period.   Since the banking system is not fully integrated with the securities markets, brokerage firms face limitations in raising f inancial resources for business and expansion. With buoyancy of the stock markets and the rising prospects of several well organized broking firms, important opportunity to access capital markets for resource mobilization has become available. The recent past witnessed several leading brokerage firms accessing capital markets for financial resources with success. The capital market in Pakistan is still in its infancy commensuration with the stage of economic development and transition from agricultural base to industrial based set-up. Broadly capital market includes various institutions like Commercial Banks, Investment Banks, Leasing Companies, Modarabas and Stock Exchanges. But it specifically connotes money market operations and marketing of securities through stock exchanges. The Stock Exchange is a formal association of agents who deal in shares and securities and execute the order of their customers on commission basis. An agent usually has an office with sufficient informa tion sources, current quotations and advisory expertise to assist investors in making decisions. They also must know where to find the buyers and sellers for the securities and arrange membership or contacts with the other stock exchanges operating in the country. Besides providing incidental services like financing the transactions and storage of securities. The main function of a stock exchange is to provide a place where the agents can bring their orders in respect of given list of securities. In this way buying and selling orders and transactions are matched and completed where customers gets the required service and the agents earn commissions. The working of Stock Exchange in India is regulated by Corporate Law Authority. Like Stock Exchange in other countries. Stock Exchanges in our country are also governed by business practices and extensive rules regarding method of trading in securities. Basically these regulations are made to protect the investors and also to assist m embers and develop Stock Exchange. Although the floor rules vary in nature yet they ensure the set routine and proper handling of orders. These rules try to ensure that agents or members should not take unfair advantage to the detriment of investors. While listing a stock or bond the Stock Exchange forges an understanding with the issuing company in matters like allotment, and transfer of securities, declaration of dividends, and issuance of right and bonus shares and the publication of accounts reflecting the affairs of the company. The rules also include registration of stocks and certificates and publication of Balance Sheets as a pre-condition to get listing in Stock Exchange. These rules and regulations if applied properly bring prestige to Stock Exchanges and create confidence amongst the investors. A central idea in modern finance is the law of one price. This states that in a competitive market, if two assets are equivalent from the point of view of risk and return, they should sell at the same price. If the price of the same asset is different in two markets, there will be operators who will buy in the market where the asset sells cheap and sell in the market where it is costly. This activity termed as Share Broking Houses, involves the simultaneous purchase and sale of the same or essentially similar security in two different markets for advantageously different prices. The buying cheap and selling expensive continues till prices in the two markets reach equilibrium. Hence, Share Broking Houses helps to equalize prices and restore market efficiency. The evolution of Indian stock market had been emerged in the year 1975, when Congress directed the SEC to develop a national market system in which all orders to buy or sell equities would interact. It would have been considered that a national market system abhors fragmentation and assumes that one market will best serve the needs of all investors. However, such an assumption would not capture the realities of modern markets. Every individual investor has different needs and different markets will develop to serve these needs. Markets are non anonymous, and in such markets, the most important concept of trading best price is not defined. The fragmented markets are a natural result of competition among investment options. The sharing of trade and quote information among markets helps to mitigate any deleterious effects of fragmentation within the Indian stock market. It would have also been considered that the markets of tomorrow will be global. Therefore in an Indian market, the SEC will have to give up its goal of a national market system and focus on other issues related to the world as a whole for the investors. For an instance, it will be a challenge to provide just the sharing of trade information of equities/commodities across the borders of globe. Further, a technological evolution will allow the investors in order to gathering information to be located anywhere in the world from the common market centre. Hence, this threat of relocation will place a restriction on Indian regulators, and global trading will make it more difficult for SEBI authorities to regulate investment practices and opportunities and to protect Indian investors from such difficulties. Also, the equity markets worldwide are in a state of change. As we already mentioned that the technology and the internet have had and will continue to have a deep impact on the structure of the equity markets. Some of the recent rulings from the SEBI have unleashed new competitive forces that will challenge established markets which already existed. There are some constraints and processes such as date, the cost and awkwardness of the settlement processes across the nations which had restrained global competition, but these processes were changing. As the time passes, the cross-border settlement becomes cheaper and easier to invest for an investor, as a result the global trading may increase and Indian regulators will need to adapt to this new environment. Consequently, the amendments in the year 1975 to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 set as a national goal which state that all securities should be traded in a national market system. This goal has shaped out much of the security exchange controls thinking since that time; however this goal may collapse with some of the ongoing structural changes which might occur in the equity markets, in both domestically and worldwide. A national market system of a country represents a naÃÆ'ƒÂ ¯ve and parochial view of the way in which equities traded. It is incompatible in a way with how the markets in the country are developing and will develop in near future. As mentioned above that a national market system needs to abhor fragmentation as the fragmentation limits interaction among order flow. Since, the fragmentation has emerged as the heart of competition for investors. It has been coded by many of the research er that the new competition creates fragmentation, but significant fragmentation will occur only if the competition is successful. In case, the competition is extremely successful, existing markets will decline and fail, resulting ultimately in less fragmentation. Therefore with due effect of the increasing the world globally, the SEBI will have to give up its goal of a national market system, begin to recognize the global nature of the equity across the India. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Indian experience of multiple stock exchanges" essay for you Create order

The Patriot s History Of The United States - 1589 Words

After the Civil War, the United State began to experience an industrial growth that was unparalleled to any nation. There were new advancements among America’s transportation, manufacturing and agriculture industries. While an economic growth was occurring in the nation, the national government was inactive, almost forgotten between all the new innovations achieved during the late 19th century. Looking back at the Industrial Revolution, there are many perspectives of the events that occurred during this time. Two readings on the late 19th century, The Patriot’s History of the United States, by Larry Schweikart and The People’s History of the United States, by Howard Zinn, have their own takes. The perspectives on the history, the tone†¦show more content†¦Even though the new inventions were ground-breaking and revolutionary, The People’s History of the United States were quick to point out the cruel conditions it brought. However, The Patriot’s History of the United States, had a different perspective. Larry Schweikart spoke more positively of the economical situation in America. The wages were â€Å"In terms of that era’s cost of living†¦sufficient† and used an example of what a typical family in Atlanta might earn and spend (Schweikart 435). The perspective of the wages differ from the two authors. Howard Zinn had a negative tone toward the low wages, while Larry Schweikart kept a more positive tone towards worker’s pay. In fact, the two authors collide on the importance and significance of the elite class. Larry Schweikart wrote favorably of the millionaire that rose up during this era. Schweikart wrote on page 436, â€Å"The good news was that there were more of the wealth.† Larry Schweikart perspective on the rising class was that the rich were beneficial to society, with their new ideas and in novations. On the other hand, Howard Zinn painted the rich as corruptible, and greedy. The Industrial Revolution brought new technology that paved the way for the modern corporation. While some believed the top executives of these businesses started from the bottom and rose to the top, Howard Zinn had a

Stuff for Echemendia Essay Example For Students

Stuff for Echemendia Essay #2The ancient grudge between the two families affects the whole city becausethey have to live in this atmosphere created by the two families fighting. In the movie, this effect was seen to full because it showed the twohouses servants starting a fight and then everyone else moving to theside, running into their houses, and closing their shutters, as if theyknew what would happen next. That is what the two families fighting causethe city. Fear. Fear that the city has against what the two families coulddo to each other could cause a civil war between the city, the Montagues,and the Capulets. #5The two men are different because Paris is more intent and lean towardsgetting married while Romeo is interested in the IDEA of love, romance,marrage, and seem to love the idea of doing dirty bad things with Julietand paste them off by calling them things lovers do. If I were Julietsdad, I would personally pick because neither both do not really Love mydaughter but I was asked to pick one so Paris would be the suitor. Pariswould be the suitor I would be most comfortable one with because ParissIdeas are just for marriage not for.sex. #6Capulets stand on marriage the first time is awkward because he does notwant to marry off Juliet to Paris just yet. He was being noble when he saidhe wanted Juliet to enjoy her childhood more. The thing is after Tybaltkills Mercutio (the princes cousin) Capulet thinks that the Prince must beangry with him so to try to get him happy (he thinks) he will marry Paris,who is another relative of the Prince, to Paris. Juliet is 13 which a youngage for girl to get married in our standards. #7Capulet does not drive Romeo out of because in his words he did not want toruin the party. He wanted a chance to get away from all the fighting andall of the constant feuding between the two families and I think Capuletknew that the city was tired of their feuding and in a way Im sure he knewwhen people came they were afraid that a Capulet and Montague fight wouldoccur. Capulet was happy of the high attendance and knew if he had a brawloccur that people would not come anymore because of the fear that a fightwould occur. #8Juliet was afraid that Romeo was just another player looking for a girl todo his thing with then leave her

The Major Powers of the Second World War

Before the Second World War, a number of world powers, including Britain, France, and the US had attained their war objectives. This implies that they had prepared amicably to face any enemy in the international system. Before the war, Germany had been reduced to a military cipher while the rest of European powers had been weakened economically.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Major Powers of the Second World War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, France and Germany had hegemonic powers in Europe because their militaries could not be matched with those of other states in the continent. In the postwar period, Britain and France could not agree over simple issues because of mistrust and suspicion. In fact, they were unable to control major issues affecting the continent, particularly security issues. The British and French could not come with a single foreign policy that could dictate what was to be done in the continent. Since the two major powers could not agree over issues, they adopted the policy of appeasement, which was very dangerous to other states. Britain and France came with a resolution to appease Germany to abandon its military programs, which were related to arms race. The two powers believed that appeasing Germany would pave way for negotiations and peaceful resettlement of conflicts. European states could not pay the US its debts, which forced the US to adopt isolationist policies. The US decided to keep off from European problems. The treaty of Versailles could no longer hold because many countries had been forced to pay debts that did not belong to them. Germany had been forced to enter into compensation program, which stated that the Germany populace had to compensate other nations that had lost their resources during the First World War. With the above factors, the Second World War was inevitable. The First World War veterans felt that their governments h ad not honored them in any way. They resorted to circulating new, radical ideas, which were very dangerous to global peace. For instance, fascism was circulated in Italy, which was later adopted by Hitler and his Nazi Party. After the First World War, the victors stated that they would do everything to preserve peace in the world. Germany was one of the losers, which was forced to adopt democracy. Instead of adopting democracy, states turned to fascism, which is compared to nationalism. A number of states observed that they were being forced to obey some of the rules and regulations that were inconsistent to their culture and beliefs. Germany and Italy are some of the nations that resorted to fascism (nationalism) because they believed that countries such as Britain and France were inferior to them. Benito Mussolini was the first leader to adopt fascist ideologies in 1922. In the late 1920s, Hitler joined Mussolini in preaching racism. Hitler promised the Germany populace to create more space for them. In 10930, Germany was hit by a financial crisis, which gave Hitler and his party a chance to introduce fascism. He claimed that foreigners destabilized the economy of the country. Hitler promised Germans that he could everything to achieve their lost glory. He became aggressive to an extent of attacking other states without a valid reason.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While some countries collaborated with Germany, some opposed its move strongly. Those that opposed its mission faced severe consequences because they were badly destroyed. The countries that resisted Hitler’s ambition were referred to as the Allies of the Second World War. The Allies decided to resist Hitler’s ambitions because they were directly affected. Countries that supported Hitler’s ambitions were referred to as the Axis. The Axis decided to support Hitler because they we re faced with similar threats. As earlier noted, the Versailles Treaty affected a number of countries, which ganged up to fight for their rights. Some of the Allies of the Second World War include France, the United Kingdom, Austria, Canada, New Zealand the Soviet Union and later the United States. Italy and Japan were the only countries that collaborated with Germany during the Second World War. The collaborators shared one thing, which was the hegemonic power. After the Second World, the Grand Alliance was formed. The alliance consisted of the United States and the Soviet Union. The US was under Franklin Roosevelt while the Soviet Union was under Joseph Stalin. Winston Churchill controlled Great Britain. After the Second World War, the Grand alliance had an ambition of controlling the affairs of the world. However, the two major partners differed over the best policy to be applied in the development of the economy. The US adopted capitalism while the Soviet Union adopted communism . This difference led to a war referred to as the Cold War. The Cold War was fought in a number of ways. However, it was not a serious war as compared to the previous wars. The war changed the international system because it came bipolar. Before the Cold War, the international system was multipolar because there were various powers, including Germany, Britain, Japan, Russia, and China. Cold War brought about the new world order because power was distributed between two states only. This essay on The Major Powers of the Second World War was written and submitted by user Edward B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Dustin Stout Rocks Social Media Scheduling with Social Templates

How Dustin Stout Rocks Social Media Scheduling with Social Templates So you created a blog post. Good for you! If you’re anything like me, you’ve probably spent close to eight hours writing that literary masterpiece. You’ve got the perfect headline crafted, you’ve got great visuals sprinkled throughout the post, and you’ve probably got some great quotable moments throughout it just dying to be tweeted out. There’s only one thing left to do–schedule out all your social media promotion. Even the most brilliant and savvy social media managers dread this task. Why? Because it’s a crap-ton of work. And the more savvy you are, the more work you know it is to schedule the right posts, at the right times, on the right networks. But, dear friends, you no longer need to dread this arduous and tedious task. Our good friends at have liberated us from the tyranny of mass social status scheduling. With this one, glorious feature, you and I can be 1,000% more productive (rough estimate) at scheduling our literary masterpieces to be promoted on the social interwebs. In this post, I’m going to show you a handful of ways my team and I are taking advantage of a feature called Social Templates in the most effective ways possible. Following these tips and strategies will help you and your team save dozens (dare I say, hundreds) of hours and make your social promotion more effective. Heres how to use Social Templates in @like @DustinWStout from @warfarepluginsBefore I go straight into how we build our social templates, there’s a few things I think everyone needs to understand about the thought process behind them. Understand This: Every Network is Different One of the first things I often teach when talking about social media marketing is that you must never have a shotgun mentality. Forget trying to â€Å"spray and pray† one message across all the networks- it simply won’t work. Your content will sink, and your followers will tune you out. Each social network has its own culture and you need to treat it accordingly. A message you share on Twitter will not have the same success on Facebook or Google+. And a post that does well on Pinterest will not do as well on Reddit. The platforms serve different audiences with different content expectations and intents. Social platforms serve different audiences with different content expectations and intents.Suffice to say, you need to understand what types of content expectations the audience on each network has and then craft your messages accordingly. Understand This: Timing is Crucial and Different for Every Network There are two types of ideas I want you to understand here: Network posting volume Network peak hours Network Posting Volume Firstly, let’s take a look at what I mean when I say â€Å"Network Posting Volume†. Basically, each social network has a different tolerance for how much content should be shared in a given day. This is also referred to as posting frequency. each social network has a different tolerance for how much content should be shared in a given day.Some social networks naturally have an expectation of lower posting frequency while others have a higher posting frequency. Twitter, for example, is probably the highest volume social network. You can post 15-20 times a day and still be considered a â€Å"low-volume† tweeter in some circles. So for the sake of simplicity, our team has decided to list out each network and its daily posting frequency (or volume). Now, the given here is, of course, how much can your specific audience tolerate? Always run all these types of generalizations through your own audience filter. But if you don’t know where to start, this is a good place to do so. Now, the important thing to understand here as well, is that in the long-term promotion sense, lower-volume means you need to spend more time between resharing the same things. We’ll keep this in mind when we get to building our social template. Recommended Reading: Using Social Templates to Promote Your Content Faster What Are Peak Hours? In addition to each network’s volume you need to know when your social audience is most active. This will vary depending on your audience, so I’m not going to give one of those â€Å"Perfect Time to Post† tips. Instead, I highly recommend you use tools like Buffer’s Optimal Scheduling tool  or s Best Time Scheduling feature. Or go through s own epic blog post about the subject. Now, having covered these considerations, it’s clear that the task of content promotion is not an easy one. When you publish an epic blog post and you want to maximize its reach with your social networks you need to think about: How to craft a message unique for each social channel What time(s) to post it on each network for optimal reach How many times you need to share it on each network and how frequently to reshare it In the old days (as in a few months ago) this process would add an extra hour or more to the production of every single blog post. Not anymore. Setting Up ’s Social Templates for Maximum Effectiveness When announced Social Templates, it was like the heavens opened. I instantly saw that we were now able to maximize our content promotion with efficiency. I’m going to show you how we’ve broken down our own social templates. And all the efficiency geeks said: On top of being efficient with your promotion, we also want to be as effective as we can, being sure to create templates that will change based on the type of content we are promoting. Step 1: Know Your Content Categories Before you create a template, it’s important to know what categories of content you’re creating. If you follow a strict set of categories for your blog posts, this should be easy. You will want to create a different social template for every Category you post to. For example, here’s what ours look like on the Warfare Plugins blog: New Blog Post: Social Media New Blog Post: Content Marketing New Blog Post: WordPress New Blog Post: Blogging The reason for this is because your social templates will likely include posting to Pinterest Boards, Facebook Groups, or other targeted social channels. Having a template for each category means you don’t have to go in and specify the Board or Group for those specific channels every time- it’s already in place. So, for example, our New Blog Post: Social Media template has only Social Media Pinterest boards and Facebook Groups that get posted to. This takes one more step out of the equation when we go to apply the template to a new blog post. Step 2: Set Your Helpers Helpers were a real game-changer for us as well. Being able to set up our templates with custom-built helpers means we only have to write the message one time and have it applied to all the corresponding social media posts. The helpers we use are consistent across pretty much all of our templates (which also makes possible the duplicating of templates mentioned previously). I’ve come up with an â€Å"anatomy† so to speak of social messages. This was adapted from my own Anatomy of a Perfect Google+ Post. Our text helpers are as follows: {title} the title of the blog post {lead} usually an introductory sentence/paragraph at the beginning of the post that draws the reader in {summary} a brief summary of the post and what someone will get out of reading it {question} a question that is answered by the blog post {quote} a good quote from the article {pin-desc} a description specifically crafted for Pinterest {tweet} a custom tweet for the post {hashtag-1} most relevant hashtag for the article {hashtag-2} second most relelvant hashtag for the article From these 9 text helpers we can now create an infinite amount of social messages. For our templates, this usually means 29 different messages sent out over the first 30 days. There are then also a handful of Image Helpers that are applied to each template: {feature-img} the featured or primary image {pinterest-img} a Pinterest-optimized image (7351102) {pinterest-alt} an alternate Pinterest-optimized image (so we’re not pinning the same exact thing every time {quote-img} an image that features the quote we’ll use in our {quote} text helper {question-img} an image that features the question from the {question} helper {utility-img} if a blog post has a tutorial, infographic or some sort of utlitiarian image included {gif} because every goog blog post should have at least one animated gif Now, you may not always have every single one of the above types of images for every blog post, and that’s okay. You can always just use the same image multiple times for different helpers. These serve more as a guide rather than absolute necessity. Here is a hypothetical example of what a blank social template looks like in . Step 3: Schedule the Messages This is the most time-consuming step, but ultimately will save you the most time. After you do this, you never have to worry about scheduling your promotion ever again. The way we did it is we took one social network at a time and scheduled all of those out over the first 30 days. Then we went back through and did the next network. I won’t spend time telling you what times work best or what volume you should post for each network. s Lance Hendrickson already did a fantastic job at putting together a Social Media Posting Schedule Kit that I, myself, actually used as a starting point. So if you don’t know where to start with your audience, use that. You can always edit the templates later if you want to refine it based on your own results with your audience. How Will You Use Social Templates? With ’s new social templates, our content marketing game has been revolutionized, and yours can too. Not only can you save literally hundreds of hours of scheduling and planning time, but you can be more effective at it. Spend the time you’ll be saving wisely. Use it to engage with your communities and learn how to better serve them. The better you serve them, the more everyone will thrive.

Italian Personal Pronouns - Pronomi Personali

Italian Personal Pronouns - Pronomi Personali Italian personal pronouns (pronomi personali) replace proper or common Italian nouns (and in some cases even animals or things). There are three forms in the singular and three forms in the plural. They are also further divided into personal subject pronouns (pronomi personal soggetto) and personal object pronouns (pronomi personali complemento). Personal Subject Pronouns (Pronomi Personali Soggetto) Oftentimes in Italian, the personal subject pronouns are implied because the form of the verb indicates the person. egli (he) and ella (she) refer only to people: Egli (Mario) ascoltà ² la notizia in silenzio.He (Mario) heard the news in silence. Ella (Marta) gli rimproverava spesso i suoi difetti.She (Martha) often reproached him for his faults. NOTE: ella is now a literary form and has fallen into disuse in spoken language. esso (he) and essa (she) refer to animals and things: Mi piace quel cane perchà © (esso) sia un bastardino.I like that dog because (he) is a mutt. NOTE: In colloquial language essa is also used to indicate people. essi (they) and esse (they) refer to people, animals and things: Scrissi ai tuoi fratelli perchà © (essi) sono i miei migliori amici.I wrote to your brothers because they are my best friends. Il cane inseguà ¬ le pecore abbaiando ed esse si misero a correre.The barking dog chased the sheep and they began to run. NOTE: Often, in the spoken language, but also when written, the personal object pronouns lui (him), lei (her), and loro (them) function as the subject, and in particular:  »Ã‚  When they follow the verb È stato lui a dirlo non io.It was him who said it, not I.  »Ã‚  When you want to give special emphasis to the subject Ma lui ha scritto!But he wrote!  »Ã‚  In comparisons Marco fuma, lui (Giovanni) non ha mai fumato.Mark smokes, he (John) has never smoked.  »Ã‚  In exclamations Povero lui!Poor him! Beata lei!Lucky you!  »Ã‚  After anche, come, neanche, nemmeno, persino, proprio, pure, and quanto Anche loro vengano al cinema.They too are at the cinema. Nemmeno lei lo sa.Not even she knows. Lo dice proprio lui.He says it himself. Personal Object Pronouns (Pronomi Personali Complemento) In Italian, personal object pronouns replace direct objects and indirect objects (that is, those preceded by a preposition). They have toniche (tonic) and atone (atonic) forms. toniche or forti (strong) are those forms that have a strong emphasis in the sentence: È a me che Carlo si riferisce.Its me that Charles is referring to. Voglio vedere te e non tuo fratello.I want to see you and not your brother. atone or debole (weak) (also called particelle pronominali) are those forms that do not have particular significance and that may depend on the adjacent word. The unstressed forms are referred to as:  »Ã‚  proclitiche when they relate to the word they precede Ti telefono da Roma.Ill phone from Rome. Ti spedirà ² la lettera al pià ¹ presto.Ill send the letter as soon as possible.  »Ã‚  enclitiche, when they relate to the previous word (usually the imperative or indefinite forms of the verb), giving rise to a single form Scrivimi presto! Write to me soon! Non voglio vederlo.I do not want to see it. Credendolo un amico gli confidai il mio segreto.Thinking he was a friend, I confided in him my secret. NOTE: When verbal forms are truncated the consonant of the pronoun is doubled. fa a me- fammidi a lei- dille Pronomi Personali PERSONA SOGGETTO COMPLEMENTO Forme Toniche Forme Atone 1a singolare io me mi (reflexive) 2a singolare tu te ti (reflexive) 3a singolare maschile egli, esso lui, s (reflexive) lo, gli, si (reflexive), ne femminile ella, essa lei, s (reflexive) la, le, si (reflexive), ne 1a plurale noi noi ci (reflexive) 2a plurale voi voi vi (reflexive) 3a plurale maschile essi loro, s li, si (reflexive), ne femminile esse loro, s le, si (reflexive), ne

Plagiarism Among the Students Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Plagiarism Among the Students - Term Paper Example The essay "Plagiarism Among the Students" talks about the ways to reduce the chances of the submission of the plagiarized works by so that the students would use their own understanding, observation, and creativity to complete the task. Most of the students, while submitting their assignment, deliberately use plagiarized materials, so that they do not have to work the entire semester on their own. Plagiarism is when students quote material without their references and claiming their borrowed ideas as original one. Writing an essay and claiming it yours, truly demands originality. Students mostly use online websites and electronic media tools for their project and research assignments. Apart from intentional plagiarism, when students try to submit their papers more profoundly, they often mix their ideas with that of other various sources unintentionally getting involved in plagiarism. Students should acknowledge the originators’ reference and should keep in mind the ethical concerns. Using other person’s thinking and creative piece of writing is a very crucial ethical concern, whether it is taken from the internet or any other source. Particularly in the case of the internet, this problem is greater because it is easy to download the material as needed, edit and submit it. Information on the internet can be updated and modified without prior notice or that particular site, used by the student, might cease to exist later in the period, so students should deploy those sources in their assignments carefully and wisely.

The Analects of Confucius trans. by Arthur Waley . pp. 83-114 Essay

The Analects of Confucius trans. by Arthur Waley . pp. 83-114 - Essay Example His emphasis lay on the morality aspect of life that is based on sincerity, justice and the right way to lead ones life. His system of philosophy came to be known as â€Å"Confucianism†. In his Analects, Confucius takes himself to be a sort of â€Å"transmitter who invented nothing†. (The Analects, 479 BCE – 221BCE, VII.1) Since he belonged to the ancient ordered society, he was very conservative and had a high vision of personal as well as social perfections. He wanted to create a revival that was based on a unified royal state where its rulers earned their power on the basis of their own sincere moral merit, not their parentage. â€Å"The Way† that Confucius speaks about is the exemplification of ones own self by sheer virtue of morality and not by any set rules or regulations. His ideals and teachings are not conveyed in a direct manner because he made use of allusions, tautology and innuendo. As Arthur Waley explains his famous anecdote – When the stables were burnt down, on returning from court, Confucius said, â€Å"Was anyone hurt?† He did not ask about the horses. (Analects X.11, tr. A. Waley) Even though the horses were much more expensive than stablemen, yet he chose to ask about the stablemen instead proving that he valued humans much more than property. In ancient Confucianism, there are two terms â€Å"Yi† and â€Å"Li† that are closely related to each other and is translated to mean righteousness. Both these terms compliment each other and means doing the right thing for the right reason. The term â€Å"Yi† is again complimentary to the term â€Å"Ren† which is based on the virtue of completing one’s responsibilities perfectly to other human beings. Arthur Waley denotes this as â€Å"Goodness† with a capital â€Å"G†. Confucius desired that all the people should follow the Way or the Path that enhanced goodness and selflessness instead of just following the set of rules of â€Å"Yi†. Both â€Å"Yi† as well as

Lobby Essay Example for Free

Lobby Essay The objectives of the architect 1- To cluster the public facilities- restaurants, lounges, conference rooms, front desk and so forth around the lobby, ensuring hotel guests can find the various facilities with a minimum difficulty. 2- Also when guests linger in it, the lobby in it, the lobby serves as an informal gathering space. It also functions as a control point with the staff visually over seeing access throughout the building. 3- Provide clear path to front desk, food and beverage, reservation, public relation officer through the lobby. 4- Make the front desk visible to entering guests. It should have sufficient space for check in / check out lines and have direct access to the front office. [pic] 2. 0 Profile of our hotel Le Royal Hotel is set on a superb location, tucked between Le Morne Mountain and one of Mauritius’ most beautiful beaches. It stretches itself on the spectacular Le Morne Peninsula, on the South-West tip of the island. This luxury hotel covers an impressive 150-hectare, bordered by 7 km of protected beaches and the largest lagoon of Mauritius. With a name that says it all, Le Royal Hotel positions itself as the ultimate 5-star resort in Mauritius. It offers 2 Spas and a total of 7 superb restaurants, with different cuisines and characteristics. The hotel also boasts a stylish collection of high-quality accommodation, including Junior and Senior Suites and 13 luxury seaside Villas featuring their private beaches. Le Royal Hotel also proposes a comprehensive array of land and water sports including diving and deep-sea fishing. [pic] 3. 0 What is a lobby? Every hotel, regardless of its size, must have a public lobby. The size of the lobby is largely determined by the number of guest rooms as well as by the type of hotel that is on the architect’s drawing boards. It goes without saying that the larger the hotel, the larger the lobby. The lobby will also have to be larger in a resort or convenient hotel. A resort hotel will require a large lobby because guests will congregate there in the evening. A hotel catering to conventions needs a large lobby because here again there is a constant gathering of conventioneers before they go off to lectures, seminars, meetings, luncheons, and dinners. There is no rule of thumb to determine the size of a lobby. One must proceed by making a careful study of similar types of hotels and arrive at decisions after discussions with hotel operators and managers. A hotel lobby sets the mood for a hotel. This space, more than any other, will create the first and usually the most lasting impression. Furnishings, color, finishing materials, lighting, and decor must create the proper ambience regardless of whether the hotel is large or small, in a city or a resort, moderately priced or expensive. The interior designer plays a most vital part in planning and designing hotel lobbies. [pic] 4. 0 Plan of the lobby [pic] 5. 0 The functional areas of the lobby; 5. 1 Cyber Cafe There would be a cyber cafe located near the main restaurant. The guests will have access to the computers and Internet access is also available. The room is also composed with a fax a telecopy service that can help the guests from time to time. [pic] 5. 2 Luggage Room It is where we put the cases and the belongings of the guests after their arrival to the hotel. The baggages will be put there and shortly after that the guests have completed the formalities it will be out to the respective guests’ rooms. The luggage compartment is not so big; it occupies a small space only. [pic] 5. 3 Lounge It is the sitting area. The lounge is near the front office and face to the main entrance. It is divided into two sections where the guests and employees can provide services to the latter more easily. The lounge is also composed with some plants just to give a sense of relaxation in the hotel. [pic] 5. 4 The back offices The back offices are mainly composed of the Sales Marketing department, the Reservation office department, Administration department and the Front Office department. All these departments are located at the back of the Front Office found in the lobby. There will be a corridor with the door for staff entrance close to the Front Office desk. The guests won’t have access to the back of the house area of the hotel. [pic] 5. 5 Main Entrance The main entrance of the lobby will have a width of approximately 5-6 meters where it will make circulation a lot more comfortable. The main entrance has also been built by taking into consideration disable persons; a special floor is made available to those people. [pic] 5. 6 Administration office Office Administration is a set of day-to-day activities related to financial planning, billing and recordkeeping, personnel, and physical distribution and logistics, within a business. Administrative functions Administrators, broadly speaking, engage in a common set of functions to meet the organizations goals. †¢ Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who should do it. It maps the path from where the organization is to where it wants to be. The planning function involves establishing goals and arranging them in logical order. Administrators engage in both short-range and long-range planning. †¢ Organizing involves identifying responsibilities to be performed, grouping responsibilities into departments or divisions, and specifying organizational relationships. The purpose is to achieve coordinated effort among all the elements in the organization. Organizing must take into account delegation of authority and responsibility and span of control within supervisory units. †¢ Staffing means filling job positions with the right people at the right time. It involves determining staffing needs, writing job descriptions, recruiting and screening people to fill the positions. †¢ Directing is leading people in a manner that achieves the goals of the organization. This involves proper allocation of resources and providing an effective support system. Directing requires exceptional interpersonal skills and the ability to motivate people. One of the crucial issues in directing is to find the correct balance between emphasis on staff needs and emphasis on production. †¢ Controlling is the function that evaluates quality in all areas and detects potential or actual deviations from the organizations plan. This functions purpose is to ensure high-quality performance and satisfactory results while maintaining an orderly and problem-free environment. Controlling includes information management, measurement of performance, and institution of corrective actions. Budgeting, exempted from the list above, incorporates most of the administrative functions, beginning with the implementation of a budget plan through the application of budget controls. 5. 7 Lifts Lifts are expensive. They should be wider than they are deep to facilitate entry. Tough surfaces are required to resist damage by baggage. The main lift bank must be visible on ente ring the reception area. Specialist design of the lift system may be necessary. Additional service lifts may also be required for housekeeping and room service. There are often one or two service lifts to every three guests’ lifts, and these open onto service lobbies on each floor. At least one lift should be large enough to take furniture such as bed or bath, or a stretcher case as accidents and illness occur in hotels, and it may be preferable not to use the public areas in such event. [pic] 5. 8 Stairs Staircase design is dictated by fire escape requirements. The main stairs should be beside the lift bank to enable guests to find them easily, with secondary stairs at the end of each corridor. Some ramps may be required for guests using wheelchairs. [pic] 5. 9 Concierge The concierge counter is located at the right of the entrance. The counter is normally occupied by one person; therefore there is no need for a large desk. The concierge counter has drawers for keys, message indicator panels, and the wake up system, brochure holders, and the stationery drawer. A concierge is somebody who works at the concierge counter and very often has great contacts and can make things happen that the guest might not be able to do. For example, if the guest needs theater tickets, or if the guest needs a reservation at an exclusive restaurant, often a hotel concierge can use his or her contacts and make those things happen. They can also do some fairly ordinary things too, for example, helping the guest print out a boarding pass or helping the guest with flight arrangements, but theyre great at doing things that just seem impossible. In a nutshell, the concierge is there to satisfy the needs of the guest. [pic] 5. 10 The public relation counter The public relation counter is located at the left of the entrance. This enables the guest relation officers to quickly reach the guests as they enter the lobby and this facilitates the work of both the public relation officers and the guests. The public relation counter is enhanced with lightings and plants. This counter has been set up so as the queries of the guests can be satisfied. The public relation officer can be asked to organize a wedding, therefore he has to make suitable arrangements concerning the wedding and if additional requirement is needed. [pic] 5. 11 Reception Reception areas should provide a clear introduction to the building, with straightforward unobstructed routes to the enquiry desk, lift, stairs and waiting area. A screened telephone point is helpful, especially in buildings where visitors will need to call taxis or waiting colleagues. The reception of our hotel is located at the right of the entrance. The reception is enhanced by lightings and this contributes to the esthetics aspects of the reception. The reception desk is large enough so as to be able to accommodate the different working stationeries and office tools; the computer, printer, credit/debit card transactions, telephones. There is enough space at the reception to allow paper work to be carried out comfortably, to cater many guests at a time and to allow the employees to move comfortably. [pic] 5. 12 The Water Fountain For most consumers, indoor fountains are decorative water features that simply look good as lifestyle furnishing items in traditional or contemporary homes. The benefit of flowing water is maintaining a balanced, healthy and serene environment. Given that they moisturize the atmosphere in air-conditioned rooms or buildings, relieve stress in pressured lives and are a powerful form of relaxation therapy for hyperactive children, insomniacs, and those living with noisy neighbors or busy roads Water features add an element of natural energy and serenity to any environment. Fountains designers and their clients are increasingly choosing water features as a compelling, cost effective way to distinguish and differentiate their work and home environment. [pic] 5. 13 Information desk The information desk is located at the left of the entrance. This is the desk where the different tour operators would be present and allowing them to be within the reach of the guests. Tourists can get different magazines from which they can get information about the hotel’s surroundings and some places of interest. The tour operators can guide them whenever they have any problems or questions pic] 5. 14 The Main Restaurant â€Å"La Belle Vue† is the main restaurant of the hotel. The name of the restaurant has been chosen in relation to its location which faces the sea. Guests have the opportunity to admire the blue lagoon every time they are having their meal. The atrium area is treated casually, with brick paving and tables with cloth runners in a low-ceilinged interior space. The intermediate zone is more formal, and the â€Å"interior section includes leather banquettes, table linen, lower lighting levels and such additional accessories such as artwork. It is also an exhibition cooking area where the chef is visible. Guests like to see who is preparing their meals. This design also brings chefs out of the kitchen. The restaurant will offer different moods for breakfast or dinner, for family groups or couples and for informal meals or special-occasion dinners. [pic] 5. 15 The Main Bar The â€Å"Skipper’s Deck† is the main bar of the hotel. It is close to the main restaurant as it provides easy accessibility to guests. The bar is very spacious with seating all around it and can accommodate around 75 guests. The bar also faces the sea and guests are able to admire the seaside as well as the sunset in the evening. A variety of alcoholic and non alcoholic drinks are made available to guests. There are the classic cocktails as well as the exotic ones prepared by the barman. The bar is in an open space which makes it really accessible to guests who can spend their day relaxing there. There is also a corner where artists make their representations at night to improve the overall atmosphere. [pic] 5. 16 Tourist shops Tourist shops provide a space where guests can do their shopping with souvenirs, clothes, artifacts†¦ at hand. In the tourist shops, one can have Mauritian handicrafts and souvenirs and also the guests have access to useful stationary that can be use to send post cards to relatives and friends during their holidays. [pic] 5. 17 The Patio Patios are typically made of concrete or stone slabs laid over a firm base. This base is often formed of a layer of compacted hardcore, a layer of sharp sand, and a layer of cement mortar. The firmness and stability of the base is essential to the robustness of the top layer of slabs an infirm base will typically result in cracked slabs. Patios that hold a lot of weight, such as driveways, require stronger foundations than those that are designed for light use. A patio is an outdoor space generally used for dining or recreation that often adjoins a residence. The patio of our hotel is found near the main bar and is on a terrace from which the guests can have a sea-side view. For the decoration we have covered the concrete floor with teak wood. The guests can relax and have their food in the open area. [pic] 5. 18 The Coffee shop Coffee shops focus on providing coffee and tea as well as light snacks. The coffee shop is mainly used by tourists who are both waiting to check in or check out and is available on a 24hr basis. The coffee shop provides a rapid service and it can be used as a place for relaxation. [pic] 6. 0 Materials and decorations The materials which have been used in the designing of the lobby have been meticulously chosen. The materials are durable and particularly esthetic for the lobby. They have also been chosen in accordance with the theme of the hotel which is a tropical style. Durable materials are indeed very costly but however, they can resist and maintain them with the high traffic, impact and scrapping. Tropical style Tropical chic is one of the most popular looks today. It includes comfort, warmth, and a touch of the exotic, using jungle themes, restful colors, and natural textural elements. Its a style that has fresh appeal with touches of traditional. This is not the multi-colored jungle look you might choose for a childs room. It mixes lots of texture and intricate pattern with simple details and a few large accessories. Common motifs include stylized palm trees, large leafed banana plants, monkeys, animal prints, rattan, leather, and grass cloth. Here are some of the underlying elements and themes of a tropical look of our lobby. Colors This tropical palette is influenced by palm trees and sunny skies. Other palettes may include brighter hues reflecting the culture and history of the region. A Balinese interior will have deeper, richer colors. Furniture and Finishes Exotic hardwoods like teak, rosewood and â€Å"koa† are used for furniture. Natural materials like cane, sea grass, water hyacinth, banana leaf and rattan are woven to form chairs, sofas and tables and a myriad of accents. Fabrics Look for prints that feature palm trees and their far-reaching fronds and tropical plants with vivid, beautiful blooms like hibiscus, anthurium, orchid and Bird of Paradise. For a more refined look incorporate Thai silks and floral-printed linen. Art and Accessories Look to the beach for inspiration and find ways to incorporate them into the room. Tropical plants set in wicker planters, shells displayed in jars or shadow boxes and baskets, mats and rugs made of natural materials like rattan and sea grass will all infuse the room with a warm-weather attitude.

Nafta :: essays research papers

If NAFTA made this agreement, people would be able to move about Canada, the United States, and Mexico with ease. The unskilled workers in Mexico would migrate to "El Norte," looking for higher paying jobs. The supply of workers in Mexico will drastically decrease. Only the terminally ignorant, or those with families in Mexico, would stay in a poor country and earn low wages. On the other hand, the United States' supply of workers will increase drastically. Canada's supply of workers would not be changed dramatically, because it is so similar to the United States, only further away. The amount of workers moving from Canada to the United States and vice versa would not be severely affected, however, if the United States' supply of workers becomes too great then workers might migrate north to Canada to find jobs. High school economics teachers would be able to work in any of the three countries, as the same basic knowledge of economics is required. I think teachers in Mexico would choose to move to the United States or Canada, if they were proficient in the native language, because the wages would be much more gratifying. The supply of economics teachers in the US and Canada would increase, thereby slightly decreasing the wages. Mexico's supply of economics teachers would drop, so the wages for economics teachers would slightly increase. Equilibrium wages for economics teachers will remain about the same, and employment will be high. For carpenters, again, I think the wages in the north would be higher. Because carpentry does not involve extensive education and focuses on the talent and skill of carpenters, workers would be able to easily move to another country. If all of the carpenters in Mexico decide to "run for the border," the supply of carpenters in the US and Canada will drastically increase. Wages will increase for skilled carpenters in Mexico, and wages in the US and Canada will fall slightly. If too many Mexicans move to the north there will be high unemployment, because we will have a ton of skilled workers and not enough jobs to fulfill their needs. People will eventually want to return to Mexico, because with the supply of skilled workers being so low, the wages will be slightly higher. For ob/gyns, I would think the United States or Canada would be the destination of choice, simply because our health care is much more advanced.

Different World Markets Essay

It is commonly accepted that marketing strategies play very important roles in most international organizations. Some believe that a company which plans to expand its business and want to be a successful international firm should have very effective marketing strategies. As a number of writers (John, Letto-Gillies, Cox and Grimwade 1997, Ketelhohn 1993, Johnson and Scholes 2002) have pointed out, international marketing strategy is concerned with making important policy decisions affecting the long-time direction of the company. This paper first proposes the importance of international company’s marketing strategy, and then considers how to make a competitive marketing strategy and carry out it in a right way. After that, it will look at how to understand ‘change’ in business environment and what organizations should pay attention to in a changeable market. In the final part, it will focus on a specific international company’s global marketing strategy. Importance of international marketing strategy. Over the years, many definitions of ‘marketing strategy’ have been made and developed, a typical definition was made by Quinn (cited in John, Letto-Gillies, Cox and Grimwade, 1997) who describes marketing strategy as: †¦ the pattern or plan that integrates an organisation’s major goals, policies and action sequences into a cohesive whole. A well-formulated marketing strategy helps to marshal and allocate an organisation’s resources into a unique and viable posture based on its relative internal competencies and shortcomings, anticipated changes in the environment and contingent moves by intelligent opponents. (Quinn 1980:pp3) According to John, Letto-Gillies, Cox and Grimwade (1997), although there were many definitions about marketing strategy, most of them emphasize the same direction in which the organization is developing, where the organization is going, where the organization is or where it should be. In fact, problems mentioned by them are the biggest headache and trouble maker for most international enterprises, thus marketing strategies enable  companies to find out how and where to develop. As Hill (2005) sees the marketing strategy in international business, nowadays, process of the global economy and liberalization of investment environment result in many global markets becoming extremely competitive, in order to get more profit in such an international environment, a company should have a very clear marketing strategy which cares a lot about its position. In all models of marketing strategies, international marketing strategy is a very large part and it affects other part of strategies to a international company in a certain degree. As Manu (1992) has pointed out, more and more organizations take the whole world as their market with the quickening process of globalization in the past decades, the role and effective marketing strategies in different geographic market-places become a greater need for them to analyse caused by the growth in the globalization of business and markets. All these indicate that marketing strategies do have important influence on international enterprise’s performance; therefore an effective marketing strategy cannot be ignored when companies plan to expand their business. How to make a competitive marketing strategy. From the very start, how to make a competitive marketing strategy is always the problem which international companies have to face. As Ketelhohn (1993) has pointed out, a strategic analysis is the most important of all; it starts by setting the generic strategies which are hypotheses in the industry and finding out the main success factors which are related to each strategy. Then consulting teams in the company should check their understanding of those marketing strategies by comparing them with documented facts. Once they are satisfied with those marketing strategies which they think fit their enterprises’ capabilities, they are able to choose consultants and build strengths in key success factors in which the firm is weak by recommending investment projects. All these details should be considered into companies’ marketing strategies, after planning and making marketing strategies, the next important step is taking those marketing strategies into action and managing them in a right way, good strategic management is not only related to one department, but the  responsibility of the whole company, as Johnson and Scholes (2002) see it, ‘marketing strategy is about how organizations perform overall. Since very few individuals sit at the very top of organizations, their experience of, and contribution to, strategic success is from â€Å"below†. They will operate in parts of an organization where their day-to-day work is dominated by issues about that function’. According to them, enabling the success of marketing strategy in action should from the very top managers to individuals lower down as resources and competences which are crucial in this process are controlled by them. ‘Change’ in business environment. Change is accepted widely in our modern life, it also exists in the business environment all the time, according to the research of Drummond, Ensor and Ashford (2003), ‘the phrase â€Å"change is the only certainty† has become something of a business mantra. All organizations are subject to increasing levels of change.’ Actually, every change exists in the market has the original factor which concerned with the environment where international organizations carry out their marketing strategies, Carter (2002) identifies those factors as political factors, economic factors, technological factors, social or cultural factors, legal factors and competitive factors. It is very important for international companies to full understand these various factors and identify the most important kinds of factors which may influence the company and its consumers’ relationship when they carrying out foreign marketing strategies. Peugeot Company was established in France in 1890 and now it has become one of the ten biggest car manufactures in the world. In order to explore the market, Peugeot invested in Guangzhou, China, in 1985, it failed and left China in 1997. The main reason is lack of competitiveness of its products. On the other hand, Dongfeng Peugeot was created in China. From the external environment, four pieces of information are very clear: firstly, China entered into WTO and then cut its tariffs on auto imports. Secondly, China’s car market is booming. Thirdly, personal incomes are increasing. Finally, more competitors are entering into China’s market. By analysing and  summarising Peugeot’s marketing strategies, there are four main marketing strategies related to its operations: firstly, Peugeot tries to improve the quality and design and find out the acceptance of Chinese marketplace. Secondly, it cuts prices to boost sales. Thirdly, it offers an effective on-line sale channel. Finally, it tries to improve customer service all the time. In conclusion, there is no doubt that marketing strategy plays a crucial role in international enterprises. Making an effective global marketing strategy is a good beginning, carrying out the marketing strategy in a proper way is very essential in the globalization process, understanding the market’s change and identifying problems which is related to a company are also very important in carrying out the marketing strategy. All these steps are linked with one another; they are key points relating to the marketing strategy which is really necessary in international organization. References: Cater, S (2002) International marketing strategy. London: Elsevier Science Ltd. Drummond, G., Ensor, J,. and Ashford, R (2003) Strategic Marketing Planning and Control. London: Butterworth-Heinemann Publications. Hill, C.W.L (2005) International Business. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies. John, R., Letto-Gillies, G., Cox, H., and Grimwade, N. (1997) Global Business Strategy. London: International Thomson Business Press. Johnson, G. and Scholes, K (2002) Exploring Corporate Strategy. Edinburgh: Pearson Education Limited. Ketelhohn,W(1993)International Business Strategy.London: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. Lasserre, P (2003) Global Strategic Management. New York: Palgrave Macmillan Houndmills. Manu, F.A. (1992), â€Å"Innovation Orientation, Environment and Performance: A Comparison of U.S. and European Markets,† Journal of International Business Studies, 23 (2), 332-59.

Business Law and Freedom of Speech

New York City has dealt with vandalism and defacement of public property caused by unauthorized graffiti for decades. In December 2005, the city banned the sale of aerosol spray-paint and broad-tipped indelible markers to persons under twenty-one and prohibited them from possessing them on public property. Within five months, five people, who were all under the age of 21, were cited for violations of the regulations.Lindsey Vincenty, who was studying visual arts, was unable to buy or carry her supplies in the city, filed a suit, along with others, in the federal district court on behalf of themselves and other young artists. They claimed that the new rules violated their right to freedom of speech. The issue is whether these regulations violate the right to freedom of speech. RULE Freedom of Speech is protected by the First Amendment which â€Å"guarantees the freedoms of religion, speech, and the press and the rights to assemble peaceably and to petition the government. Symbolic sp eech, which includes gestures, movements, articles of clothing, and other forms of expressive conduct, is given substantial protection by the courts. However, there are reasonable restrictions. Expression – oral, written, or symbolized by conduct – is subject to reasonable restrictions. The court may allow a restriction if it is content neutral. In order to be considered content neutral, the restriction must be combating a societal problem.APPLICATION. The court was asked to enjoin (to prohibit or forbid) the enforcement of the rules. Symbolic speech is protected by the courts, but there are reasonable restrictions. The city of New York banned the sale of aerosol spray paint and markers to persons under twenty-one due to the vandalism and defacement of public property. Even after the ban was in place, five people, all under the age of twenty-one, were cited for violations on these regulations, and 871 people were arrested for making graffiti.According to the rule of re asonable restrictions, the court can allow a restriction if it is content neutral. This situation can be considered content neutral based on the fact that the restriction is combating a societal problem, being vandalism and defacement of public property. With that being said, these regulations do not violate the right to freedom of speech. CONCLUSION These regulations do not violate the right to freedom of speech because there is a reasonable restriction of content neutral.

The History of Gadwal Fort in India Essays

The History of Gadwal Fort in India Essays The History of Gadwal Fort in India Essay The History of Gadwal Fort in India Essay Physical history of the monument till date Movement/ Enclosure spaces Configuration of spaces w. R. T the activities of the people of the era Geometry of the place Art forms Pillars and Beams Chases Relationship between the palace and temple Rituals and customs Present condition of the monument The causes for deterioration Conclusion Recommendation for conservation Abstract: A fortress is a large place with a military stronghold sometimes within a town. Gadwall, a small town in the current Unbarring District of the state of Andorra Pradesh, was once the place of the reigning King/ Queen of the Gadwall Shaman. Gadwall Fort was the seat of the King of the Gadwall Shaman. The fortress, a legacy bestowed upon the government of India, Is presently the campus for the Maharani ODL Lax Defame Arts and Science College (M. A. L. D College). The government college has used the fort as Its campus from 1960. The fort has lost Its Orlando magnificence and is now in ruins. The reasons include almost no maintenance of the dedicated to Lord Canvasses Swami. This study is an attempt to document the Fort from its birth to its present state. A study and analysis is also undertaken of the spaces in the fort in terms movement and the effects of the changing perception of spaces in the fort. An attempt is made to derive the purpose of each space and the difference in perception changing over time. The study shall reveal the various influences on the architecture of the fort, which include the outer influences like the McHugh rule, Nab rule and inner influences of rituals and culture of the region. In conclusion, ideas for the renovation and preservation of the Gadwall fort in various forms are presented. Preface: Indian architecture and art forms are the most significant form of communication with the past. The carvings in stone, the paintings on walls; every form of art conveys the message through the ages. The way of living, the traditions followed, the social norms that once dictated the very form of life one led, all these are an integral part of the history that is on the verge of being lost. The manifestation of an idea, architecture is a celebration of life Hating Panda The idea that once resulted in the building of a structure, to defend against enemies and to protect those within its walls, a fort personifies the imagination that led to its construction. Built to fulfill the wishes of those who have believed in it the fort is a celebration of life. Architecture in India is the combined form of various cultures, civilizations starting with the Harpoon/ Monongahela to the Aryan influences. The Persian and McHugh architecture are integrated into the traditional Dravidian and South Indian architecture to ultimately lead to the present form of Indian architecture. The history of such architecture is what enables it to communicate and integrate the multiple value systems of the people that have lived and will always live in it. Any building constructed in India will show the effects of being built in such a varied and diversified culture. The structure can represent a single influence or combine all its history rolled into one. The study of such a building shows how the history has influenced its conception, the present in its use, and the future in its vision. Introduction: Krishna Tang workaday Samaritan manquà © sad hardstand assists sere Ramadan pariah Was Vaughan in Brahmas Purina Archaisms (The land that lies between the two holy rivers, the Krishna and The Thunderhead, is the chosen land of God. The almighty with all his manifestations always protects the people living in this sacred land. ) Gadwall, a small town on the banks of the river Krishna, is part of this sacred land. Gadwall is popularly known as INDIAN GADWALL, as the rulers of Gadwall Shaman had a great reputation for men of letters, poets and scholars of Sanskrit and Deluge from far and wide places including Thumbnail rail and road on the Hydrated-Banger route, is situated 200 SMS away from Hydrated Norte to Banger. Gadwall has a railway station and many trains in this route connect Gadwall to many important places across India including Delhi, Jasper, Atrophic, Banger, Moser etc. It is 15 SMS away from National Highway No. 7 and is connected at Revival Chartist. It is surrounded by 4 important towns on 4 sides, Embargoing on the North, Handcart on the East, Kronor on the South and Archaic of Karakas on the West. Gadwall was in fact a part of Archaic district before the reorganization of the district of erstwhile Hydrated state in 1956. Gadwall Shaman formed in the end of the 17th century during the reign of Raja Commandos 1663-1712). The areas of CIA, Kendall (present Kronor) together formed the basis of this Shaman. The town developed due to the presence of the Gadwall fortress as the main stronghold of the kings during their reign. The Imperial Gazetteer of India states that the Shaman contained one town, Gadwall (population 10,195) and 214 villages covering an area of 864 square miles (approve. 2338 square kilometers) with a population (1901) of 968,491. The fort was built by Raja Commandos during the beginning of the 18th century I. . , from 1702 to 1712. The king had declared independent rule in the aftermath of the fall of the Katydid Dynasty. The building of the fort was a necessity in the sense that to declare independence the King risked the attack of the other smaller kingdoms that arose at the same time. Thus, the structure was built to repel frequent attacks and necessitated the construction to mainly f ocus on the defense mechanisms. The Krishna and Thunderhead rivers water the northern and southern lands surrounding the fort making them very fertile due to alluvial soils deposited on the banks. The remaining land is mostly mamas land and uncultivated waste. The fort has been in use since its conception in the year f 1702. By the end of monarchical rule in India in 1948 the fort had served its residents for 246 years. The fort was then donated to the Union Government of India along with a donation of RSI. 25000 for the use of the fort as an educational institution. The Maharani Dad Lax Defame degree college was established in 1960 and the fort has since been used as its campus. The addition of new buildings when a portion of the old collapsed was an accepted procedure. The gross negligence and petty vandalism has resulted in the ruin of one of the most important historical artifact, the fort itself. The present condition of the fort is a crumbling ruin with little or no maintenance. Composition: The fort built in 1712 had been occupied and functional till the end of monarchical rule in 1948. It was then handed over to the Government of United India. The fort was built as the main defense against attacks by armies with cannons so its most important feature was that of the large rampart completely surrounding the palace and the temple within. The towers at intervals form the place of battlements. In its original form, a moat of 25 meters width and 4 meters depth, home to a large number of crocodiles completed the defense. The fort is divided into three distinct zones; the temple, the palace for the King, and extensive grounds that worked as an area for military and public use. The main rampart wall there are two other entrances used for different purposes. One was the entry for the commoners, the courtiers and visitors. The other entrance was solely used by the reigning ruler of the fort be it the Queen or the King. The misalignment of entry points was deliberate and was made to discourage a direct charge on the gates. Zones of the fort The building is built in the beginning of the 17th century, when the influence of the Tamil Dravidian style of architecture had Just begun to fade and the McHugh architecture had begun its roots into the style of architecture in India. Thus the structure is a combination of both of these styles and with the addition of local artists and rituals the design and style of the structure is unique to the region. Rampart wall: The outer wall of the fort is built in an almost perfect circular shape with battlements at intervals. The wall is constructed on a foundation made in the rubble stone style of the Vagrantly architecture. The rubble stone foundation provides the stability squired of the 10 to 12 meters (30-40 feet) high wall which is 2 meters in width at the bottom and 1 meter at the top. The wall is made of a combination of clay, small stones and a mixture of Jaggier and rice working as the adhesive cement. This conforms to the ancient recipe used prominently in mud structures. The thickness of the walls and the height are a necessity to hold against a charge of cannon balls. The walls form the main defense of the fort and hence were built with meticulous and careful methods. The boulevard that ran along the battlements was a corridor for patrolling without making contact with the moat. The inner side of the wall is a continuous line of stone rubble cladding broken only by the entrance gates at the two access points. One entrance leads to the public open space in front of the main gate of the palace and the temple and the other leads directly into the royal court of the palace. Thus, one entrance is deemed to have been used only by the commoners whereas the other was used prominently by the King/ Queens family and guests. The Achaean Save Swami Temple: The temple is said to have been built for the sole use of the Royal family. Though, biannual fairs held in town allowed public access to the temple especially when elaborate by the royalty themselves. The temple is built in typical Dravidian style but entirely with granite stone. The locally available granite is cheap and lasts longer than timber. The treated stone column and beam construction style is prominently used. The copular at the entrance rises over 20 meters high with an entrance gate around 6 meters high. This is consistent with the South Indian Dravidian style of temple architecture. The shelter for the chariot used in public rallies of the statues of Gods/ Goddesses is placed beside the entrance of the temple itself. To the side of the ample is a smaller entrance to the temple which is mainly used by the priests. The pillars and beams of the temple are highly decorated carvings of stone in various motifs from the Hindu mythology. The exquisite carvings are said to be the work of local and foreign artists. The central temple is dedicated to the Achaean Save Swami Temple with the shaggier holding the deity. The pillared halls in the temple made of huge slabs of wagons ( rituals ). The temple beside the central deity temple is dedicated to the wife of Achaean Save Swami and was a later addition to the original temple. The unfinished temple to the right of the central deity temple is said to have been constructed as a public marriage hall but was left unfinished due to unknown reasons. The Palace: The palace is again segregated into different realms based on the antiquated notions of womens privacy. The Public space requiring an elaborate fade, a place for viewing the occasion by the royalty yet removed from the people, and a place to allow entry into the more private realms of the palace. Within the palace, there are again realms separating the lives of those in the royal court and those from the royal family. The royal courts and places for the communing of court formed the part of the royal realm. The private quarters of the King and Queen formed the rest of the palace. The private quarters are complimented by a set of servants, vassals and other personnel of the royal household. The external walls of the palace are mostly made with stone, but the internal walls, floors and ceilings are made of brick, mortar and a cement of lime plaster. The inner walls are coated with lime and smoothed to a shine. Public space: The public fade forms an important part of the palace structure as it is the most prominently used and gains the most publicity. The fade of the palace in Gadwall fort was made unrelieved wall on the ground floor and exquisitely carved teak wooden bay windows on the first floor. The hall covered by these windows is said to have been used by the Queen and her handmaidens. The windows exactly above the entrance gate of the palace were said to have been decorated by colored glass imported from foreign countries. The fade maintained a semi open space around the gate with a large public area leading to it. The temple copular, the fade and the magistrates court on the opposite side of the palace frame this open space.

Citing Daily Writing Tips

Citing Daily Writing Tips Citing Daily Writing Tips Citing Daily Writing Tips By Maeve Maddox It is a source of satisfaction to me that the articles on the Daily Writing Tips site are often cited in bibliographies. Because the articles are accessed long after their original publication dates, I’m extremely grateful when readers browsing past articles call my attention to typos in any of the archived posts, so they may be corrected. Occasionally, a student will ask me how to cite one of our articles. This is the format I’ve been recommending, based on my copy of the MLA Handbook (6th edition): Maddox, Maeve. â€Å"When Words Collide.†Ã‚  DailyWritingTips.com/. 24 May 2011. Accessed January 3, 2013 https://www.dailywritingtips.com/when-words-collide/ Nichol, Mark. â€Å"20 Types and Forms of Humor.† DailyWritingTips.com/. 24 November 2011. Accessed 25 July 2014 https://www.dailywritingtips.com/20-types-and-forms-of-humor/ Since the publication of the 6th edition of the Handbook, MLA has lifted the necessity to include the URL. The reasoning is that Web addresses are not static, and documents sometimes appear in multiple locations. Thanks to Internet Search Engines, most readers can find electronic sources by means of title or author searches. An entry without the URL would look like this: Maddox, Maeve. â€Å"When Words Collide.†Ã‚  DailyWritingTips.com/. 24 May 2011. Accessed January 3, 2013. Note: Some instructors or editors still ask that the URL be included. The â€Å"access date† is the date that the reader found the article on the Web. Because URLs change and documents vanish, the researcher would be wise to print the article or save it as a Web page. Dates of publication do not appear with the individual DWT posts, but they can be found in the Archives. A quick way to find the date of the article you want is to go to the Archives page and type one or two of the words in the title in the browser â€Å"Find† feature. For example, if you want to find the date of the article titled â€Å"Let the Word Do the Work,† click on the word Archives in the DWT menu at the top of the page. Then, under Edit in the browser, click on Find. In the box that appears, type the words â€Å"let the word.† Scroll down the page until you find the highlighted words in the title. This particular article appears under the date â€Å"May 2007†: May 2007 31: Contractions 31: Audience is Everything 30: Let the Word Do the Work The number in front of the title is the date of publication. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Does [sic] Mean?Awoken or Awakened?"To Tide You Over"

Emerging Business Themes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

Emerging Business Themes - Essay Example The factors have influenced work-related divisions, sex roles, rivalry interdependency, as well as family size. Improvements in the areas of communication and shipping decreased the communal distance that gave the drive to artistic diffusion and thus to social change. Demographic issues have always been of significance to marketers. In the previous one decade, there has been a fast development of technologies in goods and service manufacturing, distribution, design, and individual use, which have contributed to changes in customer behavior. For instance, communication advancements such as the accessibility of wireless communications, personal computers, and internet, have altered shopping and consumption manners. In the United States vehicle industry, clients in need of a vehicle search carefully on the Internet before they visit a dealer. Marketing investigators have extensively used population data. Parameters like sex, income, age, and social class are sensibly nice predictors of consumer behavior as well as market associated activities in macro and micro perspective. The global population is rising at a rate of over ninety million per annum. The aging of the populace could be the truth that the proportion and number of younger persons are dropping fast. For instance, Italy’s population would change from eighty million to forty million (Smith & Taylor, 2004.p.243). The basic features of developing and developed nations will begin to differ in significant ways. Senior communities could have undoubtedly different wants and standards from the younger ones. Hence, while communication and globalization advancements are driving the globe towards union, demographic issues are going in the opposite way and could cause the basic split between the senior and younger countries, and wealthier and poorer clients.

Grphicl User Interfce (GUI) Complexity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Grphicl User Interfce (GUI) Complexity - Essay Example The discussion is bsed on two different perspectives. The explortion of the perspective of resercher of input/output devices who wishes to extend the design spce nd discuss n emerging prdigm of computer use, tsk-dependent computers, nd give some exmples of tht prdigm. Ultimtely, I will discuss the criticl role of input nd output devices, nd continue with the designer's perspective by discussing the motivtions for the evolution, the environments of use, nd the implictions of the environment on the interction technologies. The mnner in which users interct with their computer is criticlly dependent on the choice of input nd output devices. This is such n obvious observtion tht sometimes system designers fil to tke it explicitly into ccount. ll interction with the computer consists of issuing commnd, providing dt on which the commnd will operte, nd, finlly, providing loction for the output of the commnd to be plced; this holds even when the execution of the commnd is temporlly disjoint from its invoction (e.g., scheduled opertion). The specifiction of those commnds involves specifying the commnd, the source of dt for the commnd, nd the trget for the output of the commnd. ll must be specified using vilble input nd output devices. Therefore, the choice of these devices will constrin the style of the interction possible for the user. (Bss et l., 2003:140) Consider implementing windows-style interfce, without pointing device such s mouse. The windows style depends on the user being ble to point to the source nd destintion of commnd. (Spitzer et l., 1997:49) Furthermore, the type of pointing device is importnt. The precision of pointing is not s importnt s the speed of pointing. Thus, device such s trckbll is possible pointing input device tht dmits to gret precision. Not only does the trckbll dmit gret precision, but lso demnds it. Thus, the use of trckbll is conditioned on the bility to very precisely specify loction on the screen, to serve s the current loction. Becuse precise specifiction tkes time, lower precision, but inherently fster pointing device, such s the mouse, will llow much smoother interction with the computer. (Bss, Mnn, Siewiorek, Thompson, 2002) The point of this discussion is tht there is coupling between the chrcteristics of n input or output device, nd the style nd mnner in which user cn operte computer. In this pper, we discuss environmentl nd tsk constrints on the choice of input nd output devices. It should be cler tht ny constrint on the devices my fundmentlly lter the type of interction tht the user hs with the computer. Input Devices In ny computer ppliction, distinction exists between input intended to control the computer (commnds) nd input intended to be retined (dt). The choice of pproprite input device will be hevily influenced by whether the device will be used primrily in the issunce of commnds or in the input of dt. In fct, the desktop hs seprte input devices for these two ctegories. The mouse is used primrily for commnds, wheres the keybord is used for the input of dt. The types of pplictions tht re primrily commnd oriented should not be discounted. ny dt retrievl ppliction (such s mny of those bsed on the World Wide Web) is primrily commnd oriented. (Normn, 2005) The commnds re used to nvigte to the desired dt item(s), nd then to specify how tht dt is to be displyed. In dt retrievl pplic

Literacies for learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Literacies for learning - Essay Example 8. Ward, D., 2007, Volcanoes Influence Climate, 7th June 2007, Accessed on 27th August 2009, Retrieved from http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/climate/geosphere_volcanoes_influence_on_climate.html It was back in 1783, that Benjamin Franklin first developed a relationship between the volcanos and the global climate. He had observed a vast change and abnormal chill that had come into the summers and also the other changes like the freezing of the ground, snow not melting and also severe winters and constant fog. Post this there have been several researches that have been carried out to check for the effects of volcanos on the global climate. I support the fact that volcanos do in fact affect the world climate. There are several reasons why the large volcanic eruptions have high effects on the global climate. Firstly, it has been noted that the levels of carbon – di – oxide that is emitted has a strong ‘greenhouse effect’. This effects the heat radiation and forms a type of insulation around the planet. The green house is an essential part of the planet as it allows the survival by maintaining the temperatures of the planet. The level of CO2 that is emitted in the atmosphere by humans is very high and the volcanos add to this level of pollution. Secondly, the ash and the aerosol clouds of the large volcanic eruptions spread through the atmosphere. One of the best examples for this is the case where the Krakatau volcano erupted in the Indonesian Islands and this spread to South Africa by the next day and across the Globe within a week. The other effects that have been faced is the global warming, and the high levels of sulphur – di –oxide that is produced by the volcanos also leads to further cooling of the temperatures across the world. Thus this exposition highlights that there are several effects of volcanos on the global temperatures and the

The Preservation Of Heritage Properties History Essay

The Preservation Of Heritage Properties History Essay The preservation of heritage properties is an important undertaking. It is so important that even the United Nations has set up a subsidiary responsible for this purpose called the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. This organization declares cultural sites from around the world as being protected in order to preserve global heritage. Similarly, Canada has organizations that are dedicated to the preserving national heritage. This function is important because this helps foster a strong sense of national identity. Another reason these sites are preserved are to encourage tourism. Canadian history is important to all Canadians and all the other nationalities that live in Canada. The stories that are told by these structures do not always depict Canada in a positive light, but that is not the point. They are important because they are the reason we are where we are and without them we would lose a critical element of our identity. Heritage sites need to ac tively be preserved so that they do not fall into disrepair, this means that funds need to be allocated towards this and the money for these programs come from Canadian tax dollars. As we all pay for the maintenance of these structures, we all has a financial vested interest in their maintenance in addition to our national pride. Organizations that have the specific purpose of maintaining heritage sites are needed because these sites need to be protected from incursion, in the same fashion that natural preserves need to be protected from human encroachment. As a citys population density increases so too does the threat that these heritage sites may be erased to cope with the expanding population. Exacerbating the issue of space is the fact that many of these structures are on prime real estate. This must cause conflicts with city developers who would much rather have buildings that foster economic growth built in the place of these culturally significant structures. Politics The political impetus that lead to the creation of Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada was initially given by Canadas first commissioner of national parks James Bernard Harkin. In addition to preventing corporations mining resources from national parks, it was his recommendation that lead to the creation of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada in 1919. The organizations role was to advise the Canadian Minister of the Environment about sites that are of national interest. The current political landscape with respect to Canadian heritage is very diverse. The organizations that are responsible for preserving these heritage sites are differentiated on the level of government that they represent. The Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada (HSMBC) is the federal organization that is responsible for promoting and showcasing Canadian heritage sites. Their mandate is very narrow, unlike other Canadian organizations (mainly provincial and municipal), the HSMBC is no t provided the power that would allow it to preserve the national sites in question. The HSMBC plays more of an advisory role in this respect; they take a more laissez fair approach to the problem. The HSMBC itself says that they are there to bring cultural sites to the attention of the Canadian public and to the provincial and municipal authorities that have the legal power to preserve these sites. The aforementioned body of the United Nations UNESCO, plays a similar role in Canada. There are sites in Canada that have been declared as belonging to a group of world heritage sites and while the United Nations has very limited powers pertaining to the preservation of these sites. At the municipal level there are public organizations like the city of Torontos Heritage Preservation Services whose mandate is to advise the city council on matters that are important to the citys historic cultural sites. On the provincial level there are organizations like the Ontario Heritage Foundation w hich is tasked with identifying, preserving and promoting sites of cultural importance in Ontario. The Ontario Heritage Act is the legal framework that empowers Heritage organizations in Ontario to preserve the sites that are deemed to be culturally and historically important. This Act gave the power to provincial and municipal governmental bodies the right to designate specific areas as being culturally integral to Canadas identity. The act limits the rights of the owners of the properties that are designated as heritage sites. They are only able to alter the site or demolish it with the appropriate permission from the local municipality. This is the highly controversial part of the Act. In a democracy where property rights are for the most part assured it is unconventional to prevent an individual from doing what they like to their own property within reason. The Act seems to mirror the notwithstanding clause in the Canadian constitution. This clause is used by the government to infringe upon the rights given to Canadian citizens by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms when doing so will serve the greatest good. Similarly, the Ontario Heritage Act inconveniences and limits the rights of the owners of historic structures so that they may be of the most benefit to all Canadian citizens. It is because of this that all Canadians have an interest in the preservation of these structures. The individuals against these policies are typically the individuals who own the properties that fall under the restrictive laws. One of the groups that have arisen to encourage the preservation of sites in Toronto is the Toronto Historical Association. They are composed entirely of volunteers and serve to educate the public about their efforts and to showcase the areas that are of interest. They also claim to provide mayoral candidates with a public forum which helps the organization lobby its case. The volunteer organization is only able to influence events because of its fundraising abilities; it provides workshops for its members that teach them how to perform this essential role. Workshops are also held to train members on how to organize their efforts and on how to communicate to their community to garner support. The organization also teaches its members to leverage their political position by writing letters, meeting with local politicians, resident groups and scheduling appearances before government committees. The Toronto Historical Association encourages their members to help mobilize the public by i nforming them and helping them find information about their family history and issues about land registration. Members also perform a number of volunteer services for the community, including but not limited to tours and heritage walks. The law was on side of the individuals who owned the heritage sites designated by the municipality or province. The law initially was not as severe towards these people as it is now. In its original form the law did not require a property owner to abide by the municipalitys or provinces wishes. The law only required the individual with the property rights to wait for six months and attend meetings with city representatives so that everyone could come to an amicable solution. The laws was created with the best of intentions as the government did not seek to snatch the rights away from these individuals so they only created a period within which the owners would be required to listen to reason. Instead of having its intended effect all the law did was to postpone the destruction or alteration of heritage sites. The proprietors would just have to wait out the 180 days and they would be free to legally do whatever they wanted with their property. On observing this the provincial governme nt of Ontario decided that they needed to give the law teeth. They made it so that the proprietor would not be allowed to do as they wished once the time had lapsed and that a settlement needed to be reached for the owner to make modifications to the protected building. It is difficult for these individuals because they are placed in a precarious position by the law and because of the unwanted attention such a position would bring. Intergovernmental Relations The federal government is responsible for the overall direction that the heritage organizations in Canada take. Heading the Canadian position on heritage sites is the Minister of Canadian Heritage. His job is to support Canadian media, arts, heritage and sport. These responsibilities are somewhat overlapped with the Minister of the Environment who is also responsible for the maintenance of heritage sites. They are the ones who are able to designate sites as being culturally or historically sensitive. Following this the government gives the power to the province in the form of acts that are designed to give the provinces the power they need to deal with these problems themselves. The provinces in turn give their municipalities powers not dissimilar from those at the federal level. At the municipal level the municipal government has bodies that are able to assign sites of interest as being heritage sites; they typically follow the direction set out by the ministers but are able to actu ally stop an individual from modifying or destroying a site of cultural heritage. Once this is done the provincial department is the one that has the ultimate say in the matter. When the proprietor of the property in question appeals the decision made by the municipal board they are appealing to the provincial board. When this committee makes their decision, it is ultimately this decision that is enforced. Federal policies set the stage for the provincial and municipal authorities to act. It would be foolish to think that the federal level of influence would end here, there is undoubtedly a significant amount of political pressure exerted from the ministers and their offices and this must make it to the top of the priority list on the provincial and municipal levels. While this may seem odd, it would be a very practical measure as losing some of the more important sites could become a source of national embarrassment. Both the Toronto and Ontario Heritage conservation bodies are des igned to make full use of the laws that are made available to them, the most notable of which is the Ontario Heritage Act. Case Analysis Toronto is a city that is known for its cosmopolitan nature and its deep rooted artistic culture. It is home to the Toronto Opera House, innumerable other vocal artist studios, painting galleries, dance studios and even a plethora of restaurants. The Heritage Preservation Services (HPS) are responsible for the preservation of buildings that are important to Torontonian and Canadian heritage. It is part of the citys planning division and is responsible for the preservation of over 8,000 different properties. This organization is even empowered by the Ontario Heritage Act enough that it is able to designate entire areas as being Heritage Conservation Districts. In an effort to be more amenable to the property owner affected by HPS decisions, Heritage Easement Agreements are made between property owners and the city. These contracts identify parts of a building that are to be retained undamaged regardless of the owners improvements or alterations to the property. In addition the laws th at designate that a certain building need be conserved do not affect the title of the property. The owners are free to sell the property according to their wishes regardless of the status of their building. The city does provide grants for the owners of these historic properties that can pay for up to half the upkeep of said property. In addition to this, the owners are also eligible for a for tax benefits that can provide up to 40% relief from municipal taxes. These funds are set up to mitigate the negative and authoritarian impact of having property that the Heritage Preservation Services is interested in. An example of a structure that is protected by Torontos Heritage Preservation Services is the MacLean House located on 7 Austin Terrace. This house is a ten part rental unit that has been designated as a heritage site by HPS. The owner o the site wanted to demolish the building and sent an application to do so to the city. Upon the advice of HPS the city council denied the acquiescing to the owners wishes. John Bayne Maclean  lived in this home until his death, he was responsible for founding Canadas MacLeans magazine and the Financial Post. City staff was employed to ensure that the house did not suffer from neglect after the rulings that ensured the structure stayed in good condition. The importance given to the house is mainly due to the people that were involved in the history of the building. The publishing company founded by John Bayne Maclean  was the largest of its kind, not only in Canada, but in the entire commonwealth. John M. Lyle was the architect of this building an d he was responsible for the building of notable structures, including the Royal Alexandra Theatre. In 1922 He won the Gold Medal of Honor from the Ontario Association of Architects on account of the design he made for the Thornton-Smith Building. Thornton went on to become the president of the Art Gallery of Ontario. MacLean and Lyle were two of Toronto societys key figures. Their efforts have helped to make indelible marks on Toronto culture and even Canada itself. The building itself was constructed in 1910 making the building over a hundred years old. The notice declaring 7 Austin Terrace a heritage site came on January 27th last year. The notice informed the landlord that if they objected to the buildings designation as a heritage site that they should appeal this within thirty days of the notice. Despite having rejected the owners application for demolition, neither the city council nor the Heritage Preservation Services have the absolute right to deny all landlords the right to demolish heritage sites. They have to comply with applications depending on the owners proposal for the structure that will replace the building to be demolished and have to be in line with city bylaws. In the case of the MacLean house the application was to build a smaller housing unit and this was rejected by the city council as it was not in keeping with the neighborhood. This was in addition to the status given to the site by the HPS. Recommendations While the Toronto procedure for maintaining its cultural integrity is well thought out, there are still problems with this system. The first problem that comes to mind is the authoritarian nature of the current system. Under the current management, the owner is told that the building is a heritage site and has thirty days to appeal this label. Following that the owner has to file for permission by the city council to make modifications to this property. Instead of telling the owner what the situation is through a letter the government should have to send a representative to meet with the individual and discuss the issue with them. Following this if an agreement cannot be reached then more authoritarian measures should be taken. The point of this change would be to place the onus of change solely on the shoulders of the city. The owner is a single individual and should not be expected to carry the burden of having to appeal to the city to change the designation of the property that wa s legally bought. The owner should be able to meet with a city representative and explain to them that they want to appeal the citys classification of the property and the representative should be the one who has the responsibility to file the appeal. This would ensure that the proprietor wouldnt have the additional expense of requiring a lawyer to draft a letter or the inconvenience of having to waste time pushing the paperwork through the system. The city has provisions by which they are able to give certain monetary allowances to the owners of the homes that are inconvenienced by the city. In the interests of evenhandedness the city council should readily make this financial relief available for those that are inconvenienced by the city instead of having them apply for it. The province did well to retain the final authority on the matter as this prevents individual interests from competing on a level playing field with the interests of the nation as a whole. While it is true that the maintenance of an individuals rights are critically important for the functioning of any democratic nation, it is also true that there are times (not often) when these rights need to be set aside for the greater good. an example of this would be in the building of a bridge, if there are owners of the houses that are in the way of such a construction then they are compensated but for all practical purposes forcefully evicted from their homes so that society can benefit from the construction of the bridge. It is the same concept when it comes to heritage and cultural identity. When the presence of a building or even district serves a cultural and historic purpose, it would be ill advised to squander this based on the whims of the individual who owns the property. Any municipality would benefit from adopting many of the policies set in place by the Toronto municipality as they try to balance the individuals rights alongside those of the nation. While the nation should ultimately preserve its physical history, it should not trample the rights of its citizens in the process. The few alterations that should be made to these rules are to placate the injured party, which in this case always happens to be the individual who owns the property whose rights are being narrowed. If the municipality wishes for a structure to be maintained against the wishes of its rightful owner, the city should have to bear a significant portion of the costs associated with the upkeep of the property it has set its eyes on. The money that is required for this should come from donations and tax dollars as is the current arrangement made by the city of Toronto. History is important because it brings us all together and this is a cornerstone of nationhood that should be pro tected by every country and culture. http://www.toronto.ca/heritage-preservation/index.htm http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/clmhc-hsmbc/ressources-resources/protection.aspx http://www.heritagefdn.on.ca/ http://www.nationalpost.com/Fight+stop+Hearn+demolition/3978609/story.html http://www.toronto.ca/involved/statutorynotices/archive2010/jan/hl_012710.htm is to preserve structures and monuments that are important to the history of the Canadian nation, these monuments would otherwise be neglected, or even worse, they would be destroyed to make way for housing or other building projects.