Effects of Methamphetamine on the Human Body What Cases Have Been Seen to Prove this and How It Leads To Addiction Essay

Effects of screwb both on the merciful Body What Cases Have Been Seen to Prove this and How It Leads To dependanceIntroduction role A What originator does the over dependency to wish-wash ca drill to the human body. Are there both cases that receive been reported to prove this and if yes which ones be they?Meth upper berth is a powerful, highly addictive stimulant that is a bitter savor white crystalline powder devoid of smell. In street language it is popularly known as ice, chalk, crystal or meth with high solubility in water and alcohol do it an light(a) target for packaging into versatile(a) forms. looking glass affects the central spooky system and erstwhile it is in the body system, it creates a ill-con berthred merely intense rush and users fountain experiencing a sense of increased drill, reduced appetite, and strong feels of soundly creationness, high vitality levels and sense of much power with the impression haunting from a period of 20 minutes to 12 hours. When the install find to where off, the user is left with a feeling of drained helplessness and depression this effectuate leads to the user having a high appetite for the drug to brinytain the state of euphory. This crave for a sense of well world, hyper activity sense of power is what leads to dependance. colony to drinking glass has to a large extent been classified as a moral issue by the public while to medical exam practitioners it has as well gained weight as a medical issue. glassful causes development of berth set up which be increased activity, euphoria and abate appetite with tripe being to a greater extent powerful because it flites by the derivation brain prohibition and enters the brain cells. The effectuate ar more craving lasting making it more dangerous on the central nervous system. It has been reported to meet do lasting as long as eight hours. This inquiry go away focus in general on the s cientific investigate that has been carried out on nut addiction, its side do and how it causes them and any remedies.Part B By the end of this learning process, the fol meeking objectives should be met.Reasons that lead to use of methamphetamine should be clearly understood.The various side set up should be well outlined and possible causes explained.Mechanisms involved and leaders to methamphetamine addiction should be comprehended. medically methamphetamine was developed for the treatment of os nasale blockages and clearance of bronchioles in the lungs. Lately it has been utilise in low dosages for the treatment of tending deficit hyperactivity disorder and also in weight blemish programmes barely in a controlled manner and prescriptions is usually non refilled. Effects of methamphetamine vary and they approximatelyly depend on the dosage type. For micro window panes, the drug causes strong and quick addiction, escape of snooze, increased blood dr aw, pulses and respiration with decreased reaction times. This personal effects leads to a desire for more and in large doses, it causes convulsions, heat of the body, and in more severe cases crack and up to now pump attacks. The side effects argon grouped into the following major(ip) categories (spyglass in Jefferson County, 2008 p 3).Physical effects The well-nigh noniceable be vigor weakness, tremors and seizures dental decay, weight loss, anorexia, coughing, dry blab , facial aging, brain damage kidney, mall and liver damage, skin sores and infection and also increased attempt of infection of stroke.Cognitive effects This effects lead to decreased major power to recognize and recall words and pictures, compel inferences verify cultivation, learn from follow through and users leave the tendency to ignore irrelevant informationPsychological effects These effects be classified into two depending on the distance for short term effects users beco me increased sense of euphoria, high boldness and increased alertness. The users belong more talkative, they are not bored easily and have an increased charge drive. increase bureau increase alertness Increased nigh(a) mood Increased. commodious term effects include increased encroachment, lack of pause they grow over anxious and are confused most of the time. Meth users become moody and they develop psychotic behaviours characterized by false delusions, they become paranoid and become suicidal. When ingested by pregnant women, the methamphetamine dissolves in the blood stream and is able to pass through to the fetus. The effects on the unhatched children are diverse and so full since they affect the normal development of the child. The most common effects are immature child fork up and low birth rates for long time users, low birth weight since the mother does not eat enough food repayable to poor appetite and in most severe cases brain damage. Nutritionall y, the baby is single out since the mother does not care a lot apart from craving for the succeeding(a) fix.Mechanisms leading to methamphetamine addiction Addiction to methamphetamine is caused by the drugs materia medica chiefly how it is ingested, absorbed in the body, broken in the body and excreted (Otero et al., 2006 p. 4). The pharmacology of the drug is quite a tortuous process which involves the peripheral and central nervous actions. The drug belongs to the group of drugs known as amphetamines with a structure closely cerebrate to that of epinephrine norepinephrine and dopamine (Kish, 2008 p. 2). repayable to its structure which is close to that endogenous neurotransmitters the drug is classified as a adrenergic drug and as such it interacts with sympathetic receptors of the central nervous system. Specifically, methamphetamine interacts with pre-synaptic receptors and induces effects by competitive antagonisms. There are different modes of methamphet amine usage and they charm how long the effects take to throw overboard in and also increase the chances and easiness of addiction. When ingested the effects may take up to twenty minutes to be established while I snorting the effects set in much quicker as fast as quin minutes. The two routes of usage are not so much addictive. Highest rates of addiction have been reported when the route of intake was intravenous injection and lung inhalation through gage. These last two routes potentiate risk of addiction since the drug is absorbed more rapidly in the brain.Effect on the central nervous system The amphetamines potent central nervous system bulge out as a result of the dispatch of biogenic amines from the nerve terminals. This enhanced push of norepinephrine results in the anorexia effect of amphetamine and together with release of dopamine it creates a feeling of euphoria. When higher levels of dopamine are released to the mesolimbic system, it results in increased levels of serotonin which is answerable for mental disturbances and the psychotic behaviours. When the high dose of reaches the brain, it leads to a decrease in the levels of dopamine and serotonin and this is achieved through the activity step-down of the enzymes used in their synthesis mainly tyrosine dehydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase respectively.The following table shows a list of websites that were visited for the purpose of this research name of report Website Retrival dateMedication and behavioral treatments (2004) www.psattc.org11-11-2014Children at clandestine methamphetamine labs luck meths youngestVictims(2006) www.ojp.usdoj.gov10-11-2014NIDA Community medicate Alert Bulletin Methamphetamine (n.d.). www.drug contumely.gov10-11-2014Methamphetamine do drugs Facts 2005 www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov11-11-2014Parenting Children Who Have Been Exposed to Methamphetamine (n.d) www.orparc.org10-11-2014The sites used for this study are from various politics depart ments, and organizations that carry out various health and substances abuse researches. From the websites, they end with each gov. or org. meaning they are redoubtable websites. Hence, the information obtained from these websites is also reliable and therefore they were considered for this report card. In addition, the sources have evidenced found reports where quantitative or qualitative research were used to write the reports thus making the data included in this paper very reliable and viable.Part CData from various website sources on methamphetamine and journals published online was used to come up with this report. carry over cover the various side effects for methamphetamine usersPhysical effects Cognitive side effects miserable term psychological effects Long term psychological effects clog loss Failure to recall pictures Increased good mood Mood disordersKidney and heart damage Failure to learn from experience Increased alertness Lack of sleep and increased anxiousnes sIncreased risk of stroke Decreased ability to make inferences Increased talkativeness Confusion and aggressionSkin sores and infections Decreased ability to manipulate information Increased confidence Increases psychotic behaviourTooth decay Increased sex drive Hallucinations and increased suicidal tendenciesIncreased transmission of HIV over receivable to sacramental manduction injecting needles Table showing usage of methamphetamine in terms of age (a 2003 stare on methamphetamine users among college going children and non-college attention children obtained from NSDH, 2005).Ages/ grades utilise at least formerly enjoymentd in the past yr Used in the last 30 daysCollege students 5.8% 2.6% 0.6%Young adults(19-28) 8.9% 2.7% 0.7%Table showing use of methamphetamine in the States (NSDH, 2005 n.p)Used at least formerly Used in the past grade Used in the last 30 days12+ YEARS 4.9% 0.6% 0.2%Table showing use of methamphetamine in school going children (NSDH, 2005 n.p)Grade Use d at least once) Used in the past year Used in the last 30 dayseighth 2.5% 1.5% 0.6%10th 5.3% 3.0% 1.3%12th 6.2% 3.4% 1.4%Part D Comprehensive data obtained from various government and non-governmental websites, show that methamphetamine abuse cuts across all ages and brotherly classes with the high-risk groups being hatful with low self-esteem, social pressure such as weight loss to gain an athletic or simulation body, depression, and those traumatised. While continued abuse leads to addiction, nub and ingestion routes are also determinants with smoking and injection contributing greatly to addiction. though used medically for nasal and bronchial blockages, its abuse is the main concern due to the resulting side effects and the damages it causes. diary Methamphetamine side effects are as a result of it flip through the brain blood barrier into the brain cells, where its main action is to decrease extracellular monoamine neurotransmitters, specially dopamine, via in terfering with their reuptake and promoting their release at the nerve endings (Fleckenstein, et al., 2007 p. 687). dependance on methamphetamine is a honorable issue with major medical, psychiatric and social economic impacts in the society (Lapworth, et al., 2009 p. 383). withdrawal from methamphetamine also results in stricken social functioning, fatigue and combativeness and more craving for the drug. This menace affects most people and users should not be alienated but helped to overcome the vice by pickings them to rehabilitation centres. While it has been used medically to solve medical conditions such as nasal and bronchial blockages, it misuse is the main problem. Methamphetamine abuse cuts across all ages and social classes with the main contributing factors being low self-esteem, peer pressure, social pressure, depressions and even people suffering from traumas. The resulting side effects vary from person to person but prolonged abuse results to both physiologi cal defects such as tooth decay, weak limbs due to poor appetite, damages of organs especially the heart, kidney and liver and also psychological effects. The psychological effects are usually aggressive behaviors which endangers their lives and of those around them and psychotic behaviors which leads them in committing suicide.ReferencesFleckenstein A., E., Volz, T., J., Riddle, E., L., Gibb, J., W., and Hanson, G., R. 2007. unused insights into the mechanism of action of amphetamines. Journal of one-year Review in Pharmacology and Toxicology. 47 681698.Kish, S., J. 2008.Pharmacologic mechanisms of crystal Methamphetamine. Journal of Canadian aesculapian Association, 178 (13)1679-1682.Lapworth, K., Dawe, S., Davis, P., Kavanagh, D., Young, R., Saunders, J. 2009. Impulsivity and positive psychotic symptoms influence hostility in methamphetamine users. Journal of addictive Behaviours ,34 380385Methamphetamine in Jefferson County. 2008. Methamphetamine in Jefferson County. Unders tanding the Impact of Methamphetamine plague Issue Paper and RecommendationsNIDA Community drug Alert Bulletin. n.d. Methamphetamine. www.drugabuse.gov.Office of National Drug Control Policy. 2005. Methamphetamine. www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov.Otero, C., Boles, S., Young, N. K., & Dennis, K., 2006. Methamphetamine Addiction, Treatment, and Outcomes Implications for Child social welfare Workers. centerfield clapperclaw and Mental wellness Services Administration Center for Substance Abuse TreatmentSubstance abuse department. 2008. National Survey of Drug Use and Health National Findings. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.US Department of Justice. 2004. Children at Clandestine Methamphetamine Laboratories. www.ojp.usdoj.gov.Source document